State and Federal Laws

Laws regulating armed security guards vary by state and must be followed at all times. In addition to state laws, certain federal laws also apply to the possession, carrying, and use of firearms. Every armed security officer must be familiar with these laws and ensure full compliance before carrying a firearm while on duty.

State Laws Governing Armed Security Guards

Each state has specific laws regarding armed security guards, including licensing, training, and firearm use. These laws determine who can carry a firearm, what type of firearm can be carried, and under what circumstances it can be used.

Key state regulations may include:

• Licensing and Permits
  Most states require security guards to obtain a separate firearms permit in addition to their security guard license. Some states require additional training, background checks, and psychological evaluations before issuing an armed security license.
• Training and Certification Requirements
  Many states mandate that armed security guards complete a firearms training course, which includes classroom instruction and live-fire exercises. Some states also require ongoing training or recertification at regular intervals.
• Use of Force Laws
  Each state defines when a security guard is legally allowed to use force, including deadly force. Some states follow a “duty to retreat” rule, while others have “stand your ground” or “castle doctrine” laws that apply in certain situations.
• Restrictions on Carrying Firearms
  Some states limit where armed security guards can carry firearms. Certain locations, such as government buildings, schools, or private businesses, may prohibit firearms even for licensed security personnel.
• Employer and Client-Specific Policies
  Security officers must also comply with their employer’s firearm policies, which may have stricter guidelines than state law. Some companies require additional training, restrict firearm types, or impose reporting requirements for firearm-related incidents.

Federal Laws Governing Armed Security Guards

While most firearm regulations for security guards are handled at the state level, several federal laws also apply.

• Gun Control Act of 1968
  This law prohibits certain individuals from possessing firearms, including convicted felons and individuals with specific criminal or mental health histories. Security officers must pass a background check before being allowed to carry a firearm.
• Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
  Requires a federal background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) before purchasing or possessing a firearm.
• Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)
  This federal law allows qualified law enforcement officers to carry concealed firearms across state lines. However, it does not apply to most security guards unless they meet specific requirements as retired law enforcement officers.
• Transportation of Firearms Across State Lines
  If a security officer is required to carry a firearm across state lines for work, they must be aware of federal and state laws that regulate firearm transport. Some states have strict firearm transport rules, even for licensed security professionals.

Why Compliance Matters

Failure to comply with state and federal firearm laws can lead to:

• Revocation of security guard and firearm licenses
• Criminal charges, fines, or imprisonment
• Civil lawsuits and financial liability
• Job termination and loss of future employment opportunities

Security guards must always check with their state regulatory agency and their employer for the most current laws and policies related to carrying firearms. Staying informed and compliant is essential for maintaining professionalism and legal protection.