Knowing When NOT to Use a Firearm

Security officers must understand that carrying a firearm does not mean they should always use it in dangerous situations. A firearm is a last resort and should only be used when there is an immediate, unavoidable threat to life. Using a firearm in the wrong situation can lead to legal consequences, job termination, and unnecessary loss of life.

Situations Where a Firearm Should NOT Be Used

✔ When a Threat is Not Immediate – A firearm should only be used when there is a clear, immediate, and unavoidable danger to life. If a suspect is fleeing, unarmed, or no longer a direct threat, using a firearm may be considered excessive force and could result in criminal charges.

✔ To Protect Property – Security officers are hired to protect people and property, but the use of deadly force for property protection alone is generally not justified under the law. Shooting at a suspect to stop them from stealing or damaging property is unlawful in most situations.

✔ As a Warning or Intimidation – Firing a “warning shot” is never recommended. It is illegal in most states, can endanger innocent bystanders, and may escalate the situation unnecessarily. Similarly, drawing a firearm as an intimidation tactic without the intent to use it can lead to legal trouble and loss of credibility.

✔ During Non-Lethal Confrontations – If an individual is being verbally aggressive, non-compliant, or resisting in a non-violent manner, a firearm should not be drawn. Instead, use verbal commands, de-escalation techniques, or physical restraint options if authorized by employer policy.

✔ Against an Unarmed Individual – If a suspect does not have a weapon and is not using force that could cause serious injury or death, using a firearm is generally not legally justified. Using deadly force against an unarmed person can result in criminal prosecution and civil lawsuits.

✔ Without a Clear Line of Sight – If there is a risk of hitting bystanders, innocent people, or security personnel, do not fire. Security officers are responsible for every bullet fired, and unintended injuries or deaths could result in legal and financial liability.

✔ When Law Enforcement is Handling the Situation – If law enforcement is already engaged in managing the incident, security officers should defer to them and provide assistance only when requested. Security officers should not attempt to act as police officers unless their life or the lives of others are directly threatened.

✔ Due to Fear, Anger, or Emotion – A firearm should never be used out of panic, frustration, or revenge. Security officers must remain calm and make rational, legally defensible decisions. Acting impulsively with a firearm can have devastating consequences.

Alternatives to Using a Firearm

✔ Verbal De-escalation – Communicate clearly, maintain a calm tone, and use persuasion to defuse tensions.
✔ Creating Distance and Seeking Cover – If a situation is escalating, moving to a safer position can provide more time to assess the threat.
✔ Calling for Backup or Law Enforcement – If a situation is beyond your control, call for additional support rather than resorting to deadly force.
✔ Using Non-Lethal Tools if Authorized – Security officers may be trained to use batons, pepper spray, or tasers before considering a firearm.
✔ Observing and Reporting – If a threat is not immediate, security officers should document the situation and notify authorities instead of engaging with force.

Key Takeaways

✔ A firearm should only be used when all other options have failed and there is an immediate threat to life.
✔ Shooting to protect property, out of fear, or as a warning is not legally justified.
✔ De-escalation, retreat, and calling for backup are often better alternatives to using deadly force.
✔ Security officers must be able to explain and justify every decision involving their firearm.
✔ Misuse of a firearm can lead to criminal charges, lawsuits, and loss of security credentials.

The decision not to use a firearm can be just as important as knowing when to use one. Security officers must train their judgment, control their emotions, and always prioritize safety over unnecessary force.